{"id":5424,"date":"2022-08-04T19:43:07","date_gmt":"2022-08-04T19:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/?p=5424"},"modified":"2023-02-25T22:03:57","modified_gmt":"2023-02-25T22:03:57","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/2022\/08\/04\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645&nbsp;\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064e \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643&nbsp;(Jonas Salk)&nbsp;\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062d&nbsp;\u060c&nbsp;\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &nbsp;&#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627: &nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629&#8230; \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064e \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627&#8230; \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639&#8230; \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0636\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0646\u064f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647)&#8230; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644&#8230; \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621&#8230; \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0641\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u2019\u2019<strong><sup>(1)<\/sup><\/strong>. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a &nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;<strong>\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0641\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064d \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648&#8230; \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0651\u062d \u0645\u064f\u0632\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062f<\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u064a:&nbsp;<strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c<\/strong>\u060c&nbsp;<strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/strong>. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648&#8221;<strong>\u0639\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631<\/strong>&#8221; (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648&#8221;<strong>\u0639\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/strong>&#8221; (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631)&nbsp;<strong>(2)<\/strong>&nbsp;. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646&nbsp;<strong>&#8220;<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631&#8221; \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 (\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640 (\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a)&#8230;\u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650&nbsp;\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621&nbsp;(l\u2019Etat d\u00e9miurge)\u060c&nbsp;\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221;&#8230; \u0623\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631&#8221; \u0641\u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a&#8230; \u0648\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0650\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644(\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645) \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b ( \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641):<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>&#8221;&nbsp;\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0645\u064f\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u200f&#8221; \u060c&nbsp;\u0641\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645: &#8221; \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u200f\u061f\u200f&#8221; \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635): \u2019\u2019\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629&nbsp;!&#8221;. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221;. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 (1906-1949) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0649 &#8220;\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631&#8221; (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631) \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0650 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 &#8220;\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631&#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d&nbsp;mill\u00e9narisme\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;<strong>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8230; \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u064e \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0628\u0640 (\u0633\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a&nbsp;<\/strong>Catacombes)\u060c<strong>\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/strong>(Stalingrad)\u060c<strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u2019\u2019<\/strong><strong><sup>(3)<\/sup><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><\/strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u062c\u0644&nbsp;(Hegel)\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651<strong>&#8220;<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u061f\u061f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: (\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f) \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 &#8220;\u2019<strong><sup>(4)<\/sup><\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0639\u064d&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064f\u0643\u0652\u0645\u064d \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647 &nbsp;\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 &nbsp;\u0637\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: &nbsp;&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 &nbsp;\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u2019\u2019<strong><sup>(5)<\/sup><\/strong>. \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0647\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;&nbsp;vocation s\u00e9mitique) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 :&#8221;\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064d \u0627\u062e\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627&#8230;&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647(Nietzsche)&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064f\u0651\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631&#8221;&nbsp;\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 &nbsp;&#8220;\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0642\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0625 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &#8221; \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064e \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633&nbsp;!&nbsp;\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 &#8220;<strong><sup>(6)<\/sup><\/strong>&nbsp;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631&#8221;. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a&nbsp;<strong>Ma\u00eetre Eckhart&nbsp;<\/strong>(1260-1328) \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;\u0622\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646&nbsp;(Avignon)\u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651&nbsp;&#8221;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f&nbsp;!&#8221; . \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0623 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &nbsp;&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8230; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221;&nbsp;<strong><sup>(7)<\/sup><\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &nbsp;&#8221; \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0630\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0636\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 &#8220;<strong><sup>(8)<\/sup><\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0648&#8221;<strong>\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a: &nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<strong>&nbsp;\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0650\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>(moment d\u2019Archim\u00e8de)<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649&#8230; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u2019\u2019<\/strong>&nbsp;(&#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u064212 \u0645 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064a&nbsp;Harvey\u200b<sup>(9)<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644&nbsp;:&nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>&#8220;<\/strong>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0631&nbsp;Lema\u00eetre\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0644&nbsp;Mendel&nbsp;\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 &nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064f\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0628\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0641&#8230; \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/strong>&#8220;. \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0646\u0651 &nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629&nbsp;(\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631&#8221;: &nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 &#8221; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637&#8221; \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u062f\u0650\u0651 \u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0647\u0650. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u064e\u0637\u0650\u0651\u0649\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0652 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 &#8220;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631&#8230; \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0641\u0652\u062d\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0629<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062b\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062a\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f&#8230; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0650\u0628\u064e\u062b\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0629\u0650 &#8220;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629&#8221;(id\u00e9es int\u00e9gr\u00e9es)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u064f\u0637\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647&nbsp;&#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 1960) \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &#8220;<strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0640 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b\u0651 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0640 \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0645\u062c\u0629\u064d. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0640 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0640 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u0648\u0623\u062d\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0640 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0640 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u064f\u0641\u0650\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064d\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0640 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0640 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0642\u0650\u0651<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0651 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 1960) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b: \u0641\u0625\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631&nbsp;(Jules C\u00e9sar)\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647:&nbsp;&#8220;<strong>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0642\u0651. \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 19\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 20 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064c\u0644\u0652\u063a\u0650\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0652\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u064d. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221;<\/strong>. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646Tarquin<strong><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0628. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633&nbsp;Sextus&nbsp;\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641)\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646&nbsp;Cic\u00e9ron\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 &#8220;<strong><sup>(10)<\/sup><\/strong>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0630\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064f \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a&nbsp;Tacite<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &nbsp;&#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0627\u064b&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0644 &#8220;<strong><sup>(11)<\/sup><\/strong>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0651\u064a\u0646: &nbsp;&#8221; \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0627\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064e \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645&#8230; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0652 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627&#8230; &#8220;<strong><sup>(12)<\/sup><\/strong>&nbsp;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062a\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0648&#8221;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629&#8221;<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064f\u0651\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0651\u0646\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 &#8221; \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062a\u064e \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651&#8221;. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627&nbsp;Spinoza<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642-ll&nbsp;Th\u00e9odic\u00e9e (Ethique-II)): &#8221; \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u2019. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0632&nbsp;Leibniz&nbsp;\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a&nbsp;Philal\u00e8the<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>: &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 &#8220;<strong><sup>(13)<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648&nbsp;Montesquieu&nbsp;\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644&nbsp;\u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646&nbsp;L\u2019Esprit des lois): &nbsp; &#8220;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064f \u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u2019&#8221;. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644&nbsp;Stuart Mill&nbsp;\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0632\u064f \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633&nbsp;(Marx)&nbsp;\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&nbsp;L\u2019id\u00e9ologie allemande): &nbsp;&#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0625\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0633\u062a&nbsp;Ort\u00e9ga Y Gasset&nbsp;\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646&nbsp;Gustave Le Bon&nbsp;\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 &nbsp;&#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062a\u064f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631&#8221;\u2019&nbsp;<strong><sup>(14)<\/sup><\/strong>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631&nbsp;Ernst J\u00fcnger&nbsp;\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 &nbsp;&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u2019&nbsp;<strong><sup>(15)<\/sup><\/strong>. \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633&nbsp;William James<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629&#8230; \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u063a\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0642\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639&#8230; \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 20 \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0652 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u0650 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0636\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) \u0639\u0646 (\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 &nbsp;M\u00e9tamorphoses biologiques)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp;Calman-L\u00e9vy&nbsp;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &nbsp;\u00ab Le Point \u00bb&nbsp;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 21 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 1975<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f) \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 &#8220;<strong>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627&#8221;<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) ( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627&nbsp;Politique et id\u00e9ologie&nbsp;)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629&nbsp;R\u00e9volution africaine&nbsp;\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 09 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4) \u0639\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&nbsp;La raison dans l\u2019histoire&nbsp;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6) \u0639\u0646 ( \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641&nbsp;Le livre du philosophe&nbsp;)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 &nbsp;Flammarion&nbsp;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7) \u062c.\u0623. \u0647\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0634&nbsp;J.A.Hustache: (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a &nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a&nbsp;Ma\u00eetre Eckhart et la mystique rh\u00e9nane)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp;Le seuil&nbsp;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1956.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8) \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u061f&#8221; &nbsp;Qui survivra ?).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0632. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a&nbsp;Michel Servet&nbsp;\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064e \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1553 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646&nbsp;Calvin&nbsp;\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10) \u0634\u064a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 : (\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &nbsp;De la r\u00e9publique)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp;Flammarion&nbsp;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1965<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11) \u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a&nbsp;] Tacite: ( \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062e&nbsp;Histoires&nbsp;)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp;LGF\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1963<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12) \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646: ( \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 &nbsp;Islam et politique : la modernit\u00e9 trahie)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13) \u0639\u0646 ( \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\/ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u061f\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a &nbsp;Nouveaux essais sur l\u2019entendement humain)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp;GF\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14) \u0639\u0646 ( \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 &nbsp;<\/strong>Premi\u00e8res cons\u00e9quences de la guerre : transformation mentale des peuples)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp;Flammarion&nbsp;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1920<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15<\/strong>) \u0639\u0646 (\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646&nbsp;Le mur du temps)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631&nbsp;Gallimard\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1963.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 &nbsp;<\/strong><strong>19 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;2016 &nbsp;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;16 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>2016 &nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645&nbsp;\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064e \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-130"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5424"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5425,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5424\/revisions\/5425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}