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\u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u061f&#8221;<\/strong><strong><sup>(6)<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u064d\u0631 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;\u00ab Le jeune musulman<strong>&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 1953<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; &#8220;\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0630\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629&#8221;<strong><sup>(7)<\/sup><\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629&nbsp;<strong>\u00ab&nbsp;<\/strong>R\u00e9volution africaine \u00bb&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062a 1967\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644<strong>:&#8221; \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064e\u062e\u064f\u0636 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8230; \u0648\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a&#8221;<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0640 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a 1970 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<strong><sup>(8)<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1) \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2) \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u2019\u2019 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u2019\u2019\u00ab La chose et la notion \u00bb,&nbsp;\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629&nbsp;\u00ab la R\u00e9publique Alg\u00e9rienne \u00bb&nbsp;\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1949.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u2019\u2019\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u2019\u2019\u00ab Ruptures et contacts n\u00e9cessaires \u00bb,&nbsp;\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629&nbsp;\u00ab la R\u00e9publique Alg\u00e9rienne \u00bb&nbsp;\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 11 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1949.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5)&nbsp;\u00ab la R\u00e9publique Alg\u00e9rienne \u00bb &nbsp;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 08 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u2019\u2019 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f&#8230; \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u00ab De la critique\u2026 mais constructive \u00bb,&nbsp;\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629&nbsp;\u00ab la R\u00e9publique Alg\u00e9rienne \u00bb &nbsp;&nbsp;\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 22 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1950.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7) \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8) \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&#8221;&nbsp;Que sais-je de l\u2019islam.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>11 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;2016 &nbsp;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>25 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;2016 &nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645&nbsp;\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-130"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5410"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5411,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5410\/revisions\/5411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}