{"id":5400,"date":"2022-07-17T14:10:12","date_gmt":"2022-07-17T14:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/?p=5400"},"modified":"2023-02-25T22:08:20","modified_gmt":"2023-02-25T22:08:20","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/2022\/07\/17\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0652\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0640 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 <\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1947.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0640 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0643”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0640 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (08) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064f \u0639\u0650\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: 1) “\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1949. 2) “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645  \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1954. 3) “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631- \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956. 4) “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1959. 5) “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1960. 6) “\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1962. 7) “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971. 8) “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0640 \u062e\u0645\u0633 (05) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 (monographies)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: 1) “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1957. 2) “\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644\u062b \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1960. 3) “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1967. 4) “\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1968. 5) “\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064f\u0651\u0644\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0640 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: 1) “\u0645\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965. 2) “\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0640 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: 1) “\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964. 2) “\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1960. 3) “\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0650\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0640 150 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0646\u064e\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948 \u0648 1970. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: 1) “\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0628\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1961\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1953 \u0648 1954. 2) “\u0628\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647”\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1970\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u0648 1968. 3) “\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631”\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u0648 1968. 4) “<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u06485) “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0628\u0651\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1948 \u0648 1955\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 \u0648 2004  “\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0652 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064e \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a : 1)  “La <\/strong>R\u00e9publique alg\u00e9rienne”\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1948 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 1955. 2) “Le jeune musulman\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1952 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a 1954. 3) “R\u00e9volution africaine\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1964 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 1968. 4) Que sais-je de l\u2019islam”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u0651 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1970 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0645\u064e \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646: “\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0628\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629” \u0648”\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647” \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064e \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1961\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u064f\u0651 30 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0641\u064a 1953 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1954 \u0641\u064a”La r\u00e9publique <\/strong>alg\u00e9rienne”. \u0623\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 26 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a “R\u00e9volution africaine”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0623\u0652\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0650\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0645\u064e\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064e \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a: 1) “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649”: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1976 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d. 2) “\u0648\u0635\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a”: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a: \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0642”. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1975 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. 3) “\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642”: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1972 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2005 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a: “\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” \u0648 “\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a”\u060c \u0648 “\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0628\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629”. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0641\u0640 “\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a” \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 “\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1960\u060c \u0648”\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1961). \u0648”\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a” \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1959 \u0648 1961\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u064a :   “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1960 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.  “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639”\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1961 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. “\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629”\u060c 1960\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645”\u060c 1960\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651”\u060c 1960 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628. “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629”\u060c 1959 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629”\u060c 1959\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\/\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.  “\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f “\u060c 1959 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\/\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. “\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c 1959 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. “\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645”\u060c 1959\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ” Le PAS alg\u00e9rien <\/strong>1938\u060c \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629”\u060c 1942 <\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646”1951-1954\u060c\u0623\u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629”\u060c <\/strong>1952\u060c \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651” <\/strong>1958. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0646: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064e \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639” \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064d. \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u064e \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647. \u0641\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: “Le PAS alg\u00e9rien ” (1). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629). \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u2019\u2019 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “Ni pour le fascisme, ni pour le satanisme” (2) \u0648\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u063a\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0632\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062f\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u2019\u2019\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0650\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 Les za\u00efms et les za\u00efmillons, les alems et les alimillons, les tra\u00eetres et les traitrillons\u2019\u2019 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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*<\/strong>\u2019\u2019\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a <\/strong>” Le contrat social \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 J.J. Rousseau.  ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(2 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 :” \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645  <\/strong>5 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong> 2016  <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 <\/strong>19 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong>  2016  <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-130"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5400"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5401,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5400\/revisions\/5401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}