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\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2)&nbsp;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u061f&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0633\u060c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;L\u2019homme d\u2019o\u00f9 vient-il&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb, Ed. Seghers, Paris 1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(3)&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064a &#8211; \u0645\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634&nbsp;Eva de Vitray-Meyerovitch&nbsp;\u0641\u064a 1955. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0650\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a&nbsp;CNRS. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627: &#8221; \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064d \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0652\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642. \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b&#8230; \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645&#8230; \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u062a\u064e\u0651\u062e\u0630\u064e \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649&#8221;.&nbsp;Cf. Pierre Assouline \u00abLes nouveaux convertis&nbsp;\u00bb, Ed. Albin Michel, Paris 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a 17 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221;&nbsp;(Fondation Hamidullah)&nbsp;\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0645\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4)&nbsp;\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: &#8221; \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u062a\u0652\u0628\u0639\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0652\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0652\u0648\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642\u064f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; (90) \u0621\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0622\u0646\u064e \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0652 \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064b \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0650\u062f\u064a\u0646 (91) \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0646\u064f\u0646\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u062f\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0643 \u0622\u064a\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646 (92) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 90-92. \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: &#8220;\u0641\u0623\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0634\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064e\u0634\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0647\u0645&#8221; (\u0637\u0647\u060c 78). \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: &#8220;\u064a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064e\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0633\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064f&#8221; (\u0647\u0648\u062f 98).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(5)&nbsp;\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0623\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(6)&nbsp;Cf. \u201cMo\u00efse et le monoth\u00e9isme\u201d, Ed.&nbsp;Gallimard, Paris 1948.&nbsp;(\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(7)&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(8)&nbsp;&#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;Mo\u00efse et la vocation juive&nbsp;\u00bb, Ed. du Seuil, Paris 1957.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(9)&nbsp;\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp;R\u00e9volution africaine\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>01 &nbsp;\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a 2016<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>29<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0627\u064a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;2016 &nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645&nbsp;\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0652 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-130"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5356"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5357,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5356\/revisions\/5357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}