{"id":4736,"date":"2021-12-19T19:54:33","date_gmt":"2021-12-19T19:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/?p=4736"},"modified":"2023-02-11T21:47:17","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T21:47:17","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%ad%d8%b0%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/2021\/12\/19\/%d8%a5%d8%ad%d8%b0%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7-%d9%87%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a(Kaddour M\u2019hamsadji) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0623\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0640 “\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646”(Maxime Rodinson) \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 “(1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629”  \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u064a (Seuil)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965 \u0639\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647” \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645”<\/strong>.(\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0633\u0623\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0623 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 “\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 “ \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/strong>“( \u06357 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 ” \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 “) \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f” \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645  \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a “\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 “ \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647<\/strong> “( \u063511)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645 “\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629” \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 “\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 ” \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 “\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0641\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:”\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0630\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627… \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a…”<\/strong> (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628”\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f” \u0635249). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 :” \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628<\/strong>” (\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639  \u0635 250).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a ” \u062e\u0627\u0626\u0641”\u060c ” \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0636 “\u060c \u0648”\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a”\u060c( \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 )\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 “\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a”(\u0635125).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.”\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>“(\u0635 126)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: ” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/strong> “(\u0635252)
\u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 “\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629”\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647”\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647:” \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f.. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/strong>“( \u0635 252).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643” \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 “( \u0635 253) \u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0631:” \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/strong>“( \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u00ab la trag\u00e9die de Mahomet \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 (\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f) \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0623 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a  \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0644!<\/strong>” \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u061f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631(SNED)\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f” 1 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u06311971<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 22 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u064a (1972). \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a(Kaddour M\u2019hamsadji) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[140,126,124],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-140","category-126","category-124"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4736"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4836,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4736\/revisions\/4836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.noureddineboukrouh.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}